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Guoying Qian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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seasonal expression of cytoplasmic creatine kinase in the epididymal epithelium of Pelodiscus Sinensis
Biotechnic & Histochemistry, 2021Co-Authors: Lifang Zeng, Guoying Qian, Wei Wang, Shangjun Yin, Xinyi Jin, Yongdoo ParkAbstract:During hibernation of Pelodiscus Sinensis, sperm mature and are stored in the epididymis. We investigated seasonal changes in the morphology of epithelial cells of the epididymis of P. Sinensis and changes in expression of cytoplasmic creatine kinase (CK). We found that the epididymal epithelium proliferates rapidly to form multiple layers from June to September, while the epididymal epithelial cells are arranged in a single layer from October to May. From the March before the mating period to the end of the mating period in September, a large amount of neutral glycoprotein is secreted in the epididymal epithelium and in the sperm aggregation area; after October, the glycoprotein in the epididymis decreases. At sperm maturation, cytoplasmic CK is expressed abundantly in the villous epithelium, which is formed by proliferation of epididymal epithelial cells. During hibernation and reproduction, the epididymal epithelium of P. Sinensis exhibits different proliferation and secretion patterns as the animal adapts to two types of sperm storage. Cytoplasmic CK may participate in regulating the energy metabolism of the epididymal epithelium; it is an important enzyme for regulating sperm maturation.
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thermal stable characteristics of acid and pepsin soluble collagens from the carapace tissue of chinese soft shelled turtle Pelodiscus Sinensis
Tissue & Cell, 2020Co-Authors: Wei Song, Wei Wang, Yongdoo Park, Qiongyu Zhao, Chanlin Fang, Guoying QianAbstract:Abstract The carapace from the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus Sinensis) is used as a traditional Chinese medicine. Acid-soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) from turtle carapace were isolated and characterized to screen novel collagen material in this study. Yields of 1.0% and 2.8% were obtained for ASC and PSC which contained glycine as the major amino acid and had high imino acid content. Both collagens had maximum ultraviolet absorption peaks of 220 nm. SDS-PAGE revealed that the structure of both collagens was similar, belonging to type I collagen. Relative viscosities of collagens were decreased as the temperature increased. Collagens showed minimum solubility at pH 8 and maximum solubility at a salt concentration of 3%. The denaturation temperature (Td) of PSC was higher whereas the melting temperature was lower than that of ASC. Both ASC and PSC appeared to be spongy like microstructure with fibrillar pores shown by scanning electron microscopy. The results suggest that collagens isolated from turtle carapace has high thermal stability with potential uses as new substitute for mammalian collagen in medicinal, food or biomaterial fields. However, their biological or pharmacological activities are needed to be further studied.
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incubation temperature affects the development of calipash related traits and collagen deposition in embryos of soft shelled turtle Pelodiscus Sinensis
Aquaculture, 2020Co-Authors: Jie Yang, Chanlin Fang, Wei Song, Jiandong Ren, Guoying QianAbstract:Abstract Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus Sinensis possesses a distinctive soft and pliable apron around its dorsal carapace termed calipash, of which the formation and its relation to extracellular matrix remain largely unclear. Herein, we investigated calipash quality traits and collagen deposition of turtle embryos from eggs incubated at two different temperatures (26 °C and 32 °C) to evaluate the involvement of collagen in calipash development during embryogenesis. We found that the calipash related traits including embryo mass, embryo length and calipash mass showed an overall increasing tendency as embryos developed. The positive correlation between collagen content and the above morphologic traits in calipash was also found. Embryos incubated at 32 °C incubation temperature had significant bigger embryo size, heavier calipash and higher collagen content at most developmental stages as compared with those embryos incubated at 26 °C. Strong birefringence color was observed from the starting of developmental stage 23 and there were much more collagen fibers presented polarized orange or red colors from embryos incubating at 32 °C. The percentage of type I collagen areas in turtle calipash tissue was found to increase overall and with significantly higher value in embryos incubated at 32 °C. The observed promoted mRNA level of type I collagen gene of turtle eggs incubated at 32 °C in developmental stage 23 indicated that the biosynthesis of collagen in P. Sinensis embryos might be induced. The present work indicated that 32 °C incubation temperature is conducive to more collagen deposition and related more preferable calipash traits during the embryonic development of P. Sinensis. The data provided the possible manipulation of calipash trait development by incubation temperature changing. High incubation temperature is suggested when attempting to develop large calipash tissue in P. Sinensis aquaculture.
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comparative studies of the expression of creatine kinase isoforms under immune stress in Pelodiscus Sinensis
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020Co-Authors: Wei Wang, Shangjun Yin, Jinhyuk Lee, Lifang Zeng, Yongdoo Park, Yufei Yang, Guoying QianAbstract:The expression and localization of different isoforms of creatine kinase in Pelodiscus Sinensis (PSCK) were studied to reveal the role of PSCK isozymes (PSCK-B, PSCK-M, PSCK-S) under bacterial infection-induced immunologic stress. The computational molecular dynamics simulations predicted that PSCK-S would mostly possess a kinase function in a structural aspect when compared to PSCK-B and PSCK-M. The assay of biochemical parameters such as total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and the content of ATP were measured along with total PSCK activity in different tissue samples under bacterial infection. The expression detections of PSCK isozymes in vitro and in vivo were overall well-matched where PSCK isozymes were expressed differently in P. Sinensis tissues. The results showed that PSCK-B mostly contributes to the spleen, followed by the liver and myocardium; PSCK-M mostly contributes to the liver, followed by the myocardium and skeletal muscle, while PSCK-S contributes to the spleen and is uniquely expressed in skeletal muscle. Our study suggests that the various alterations of PSCK isozymes in tissues of P. Sinensis are prone to defense the bacterial infection and blocking energetic imbalance before severe pathogenesis turned on in P. Sinensis.
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immunization with bovine serum albumin bsa in oil adjuvant elicits igm antibody response in chinese soft shelled turtle Pelodiscus Sinensis
Vaccine, 2020Co-Authors: Yu Chen, Hetron Mweemba Munangandu, Oystein Evensen, Guoying QianAbstract:Immunoassays are among the frontline methods used for disease diagnosis and surveillance. Despite this, there are no immunoassays developed for the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus Sinensis), which has expanded into large scale commercial production in several Asian countries. One of the critical factors delaying the development of immunoassays is the lack of characterized soft-shelled turtle immunoglobulins. Herein, we used mass spectrometry together with the ProtQuest software to identify the soft-shelled turtle IgM heavy chain in serum, which again was used to produce a polyclonal anti-turtle-IgM in rabbits. Thereafter, the polyclonal anti-turtle-IgM was used as a secondary antibody in an indirect ELISA to evaluate antibody responses of soft-shelled turtles injected with the bovine serum albumin (BSA) model antigen. Our findings show that only turtle immunized with a water-in-oil BSA plus ISA 763A VG adjuvant (SEPPIC, France) emulsion had antibodies detected at 42 days post vaccination (dpv) while turtles injected with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) only as well as turtle injected with BSA dissolved in PBS had no significant antibody levels detected in serum throughout the study period. In summary, our findings show that rabbit polyclonal anti-turtle-IgM produced can be used in ELISA to measure serum antibody responses in immunized soft-shelled turtles. Future studies should explore its application in other immunoassays needed for the disease diagnosis and vaccine development for soft-shelled turtles.
Wenyi Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of exogenous hydrogen peroxide on ros balance and antioxidant response in chinese soft shelled turtle Pelodiscus Sinensis
Aquaculture, 2019Co-Authors: Wenyi Zhang, Hui Jia, Cuijuan Niu, Xutong Chen, Kenneth B StoreyAbstract:Abstract Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus Sinensis, is an important farmed species in the Southeast Asia and often encounters adverse environmental stresses during cultivation. Knowledge about the stress response, especially antioxidant response, in P. Sinensis would help to understand the effect of adverse stress on turtles and to reduce the production loss. In the present study, intraperitoneal injection of H2O2 (0%, 0.3%, 0.6%, and 2.4%) was employed as an exogenous oxidative stressor to directly challenge the antioxidant defense in Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus Sinensis, and evaluate the antioxidant capacity and characteristics of antioxidant defense in P. Sinensis. Level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), antioxidant enzyme activities, ascorbic acid (AA) content and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were measured in the brain, liver, kidney and spleen of P. Sinensis at 2 h, 6 h and 24 h post-injection. In general, all cerebral and hepatic parameters did not change, although there were some variations in the liver after 2 h, which recovered after 6 h. In the kidney, only glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and AA level increased by 24 h post-injection. Splenic ROS level decreased after 6 h; TAC level and catalase (CAT) activity increased, whereas other antioxidant enzyme activities and AA decreased following by H2O2 injection. Results for MDA level and histology indicated transitory oxidative damage in the liver, but longstanding damage in the spleen. In summary, turtle antioxidant defense work effectively to decrease ROS level even when tissues are faced with intense oxidative stress. However, spleen should be paid more attention because it seemed to be more fragile to intense or long-term oxidative stress than other tissues. Specifically, AA level was important in antioxidant defense of P. Sinensis.
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antioxidant response to acute cold exposure and during recovery in juvenile chinese soft shelled turtles Pelodiscus Sinensis
The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2019Co-Authors: Bojian Chen, Wenyi Zhang, Hui Jia, Cuijuan Niu, Kenneth B StoreyAbstract:ABSTRACT The antioxidant defense protects turtles from oxidative stress caused by adverse environment conditions, such as acute thermal fluctuations. However, it remains unclear how these defenses work. The present study examined changes in key enzymes of the enzymatic antioxidant system and the glutathione (GSH) system at both the mRNA and enzyme activity levels during acute cold exposure and recovery in juvenile Chinese soft-shelled turtles, Pelodiscus Sinensis. Transcript levels of the upstream regulator NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were also measured. Turtles were acclimated at 28°C (3 weeks), then given acute cold exposure (8°C, 12 h) and finally placed in recovery (28°C, 24 h). The mRNA levels of cerebral and hepatic Nrf2 and of genes encoding downstream antioxidant enzymes did not change, whereas levels of nephric Nrf2, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) mRNA decreased upon cold exposure. During recovery, Nrf2 mRNA remained stable in all three tissues, hepatic Cu/ZnSOD, MnSOD and catalase (CAT) mRNA levels increased, and nephric MnSOD and GPx4 mRNAs did not change from the values during cold exposure. In the GSH system, mRNA levels of most enzymes remained constant during cold exposure and recovery. Unmatched with changes in mRNA level, high and stable constitutive antioxidant enzyme activities were maintained throughout, whereas GPx activity significantly reduced in the kidney during cold exposure, and in liver and kidney during recovery. Our results suggest that the antioxidant defense regulation in response to acute cold exposure in P. Sinensis may not be achieved at the transcriptional level, but may rely mainly on high constitutive antioxidant enzyme activities.
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digital gene expression profiling reveals transcriptional responses to acute cold stress in chinese soft shelled turtle Pelodiscus Sinensis juveniles
Cryobiology, 2018Co-Authors: Wenyi Zhang, Bojian Chen, Cuijuan Niu, Kenneth B StoreyAbstract:Turtles are well known for their stress tolerance, including an ability to deal with temperature extremes or rapid thermal change. To know more about the comprehensive molecular basis of thermal stress responses in turtles, we assessed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the brain, liver and kidney of juvenile soft-shelled turtles, Pelodiscus Sinensis, after acute cold stress (28 °C-8 °C acute transfer and held for 12 h) and following recovery (back to 28 °C and held for 24 h) by digital gene expression profiling. Selected DEGs were also validated via real-time PCR. We found the fewest DEGs in the brain, only one-tenth of the number seen in liver, indicating a tissue-specific gene expression pattern. The DEGs indicated the potential activation of several important functions in response to cold stress and recovery in P. Sinensis. This included response to oxidative stress or regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolism in the brain and liver, cerebral inositol metabolism, hepatic monosaccharide metabolism, hepatic complement system, renal DNA repair mechanisms, and TNF and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways in the kidney. These functions likely responded to cold stress in different tissues of P. Sinensis to help minimize or repair cell damage as well as enhance innate immunity. The outcomes of this study provide some fundamental insight into the tissue specific complex mechanisms underlining cold stress responses in the soft-shelled turtle P. Sinensis.
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effects of acute cold exposure on oxidative balance and total antioxidant capacity in juvenile chinese soft shelled turtle Pelodiscus Sinensis
Integrative Zoology, 2017Co-Authors: Wenyi Zhang, Hui Jia, Cuijuan Niu, Xutong ChenAbstract:Acute cold exposure may disturb the physiological homeostasis of the body in ectotherms. To date, there has been no information on the effects of cold exposure on homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or antioxidant defense response in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus Sinensis. In this study, P. Sinensis juveniles were acclimated at 28 °C, transferred to 8 °C as cold exposure for 12 h, then moved back to 28 °C rewarming for 24 h. We measured the ROS level and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the brain, liver, kidney and spleen at 2 and 12 h cold exposure, and at the end of the rewarming period. Malonaldehyde (MDA) and carbonyl protein were used as markers of oxidative damage. Turtles being maintained simultaneously at 28 °C were used as the control group. Cold exposure did not disturb the ROS balance in all 4 tissues, while rewarming raised the ROS level in the brain and kidney of P. Sinensis. Cold exposure and rewarming decreased the TAC in the brain, liver and spleen but did not change the TAC in the kidney. MDA and carbonyl protein levels did not increase during the treatment, indicating no oxidative damage in all 4 tissues of P. Sinensis. Our results indicated that extreme cold exposure did not impact the inner oxidative balance of P. Sinensis, but more ROS was produced during rewarming. P. Sinensis showed good tolerance to the harsh temperature change through effective protection of its antioxidant defense system to oxidative damage. This study provides basic data on the stress biology of P. Sinensis.
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glutathione redox balance in hibernating chinese soft shelled turtle Pelodiscus Sinensis hatchlings
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B, 2017Co-Authors: Wenyi Zhang, Cuijuan Niu, Yukun Liu, Bojian ChenAbstract:Glutathione (GSH) system is a critical component of antioxidant defense, which is important for hibernating survive of turtle hatchlings. The present work measured changes at the mRNA level of genes involved in GSH synthesis, GSH reduction and GSH utilization, as well as enzyme activity, in Pelodiscus Sinensis hatchlings during hibernation. Samples were taken in the field at pre-hibernation (17°C, Mud temperature (MT)), hibernation (5.8°C, MT) and arousal (20.1°C, MT). Cerebral total GSH content decreased during hibernation, recovered after arousal along with a stable ratio of GSH/GSSG. Hepatic total GSH increased after arousal and pushed the ratio of GSH/GSSG to a more reduced status. Cerebral glutathione reductase (GR) mRNA and activity were depressed during hibernation then recovered after arousal. However, hepatic GR mRNA elevated during hibernation but its activity did not change. Tissue-specific changes of GR activity and mRNA may promote these tissue-specific changes of GSH redox. Hibernation caused little effect on mRNA level of glutathione synthetase (GS) while arousal induced them in the brain and liver. Most Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) isoform mRNAs did not change in both brain and liver during hibernation, then induced after arousal. Cerebral and hepatic GST activities kept stable throughout the entire experiment. Our results showed that GSH system may play a more important role in antioxidant defense in the liver while mainly maintaining stable redox balance in the brain of hibernating P. Sinensis hatchings.
Bojian Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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antioxidant response to acute cold exposure and during recovery in juvenile chinese soft shelled turtles Pelodiscus Sinensis
The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2019Co-Authors: Bojian Chen, Wenyi Zhang, Hui Jia, Cuijuan Niu, Kenneth B StoreyAbstract:ABSTRACT The antioxidant defense protects turtles from oxidative stress caused by adverse environment conditions, such as acute thermal fluctuations. However, it remains unclear how these defenses work. The present study examined changes in key enzymes of the enzymatic antioxidant system and the glutathione (GSH) system at both the mRNA and enzyme activity levels during acute cold exposure and recovery in juvenile Chinese soft-shelled turtles, Pelodiscus Sinensis. Transcript levels of the upstream regulator NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were also measured. Turtles were acclimated at 28°C (3 weeks), then given acute cold exposure (8°C, 12 h) and finally placed in recovery (28°C, 24 h). The mRNA levels of cerebral and hepatic Nrf2 and of genes encoding downstream antioxidant enzymes did not change, whereas levels of nephric Nrf2, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) mRNA decreased upon cold exposure. During recovery, Nrf2 mRNA remained stable in all three tissues, hepatic Cu/ZnSOD, MnSOD and catalase (CAT) mRNA levels increased, and nephric MnSOD and GPx4 mRNAs did not change from the values during cold exposure. In the GSH system, mRNA levels of most enzymes remained constant during cold exposure and recovery. Unmatched with changes in mRNA level, high and stable constitutive antioxidant enzyme activities were maintained throughout, whereas GPx activity significantly reduced in the kidney during cold exposure, and in liver and kidney during recovery. Our results suggest that the antioxidant defense regulation in response to acute cold exposure in P. Sinensis may not be achieved at the transcriptional level, but may rely mainly on high constitutive antioxidant enzyme activities.
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digital gene expression profiling reveals transcriptional responses to acute cold stress in chinese soft shelled turtle Pelodiscus Sinensis juveniles
Cryobiology, 2018Co-Authors: Wenyi Zhang, Bojian Chen, Cuijuan Niu, Kenneth B StoreyAbstract:Turtles are well known for their stress tolerance, including an ability to deal with temperature extremes or rapid thermal change. To know more about the comprehensive molecular basis of thermal stress responses in turtles, we assessed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the brain, liver and kidney of juvenile soft-shelled turtles, Pelodiscus Sinensis, after acute cold stress (28 °C-8 °C acute transfer and held for 12 h) and following recovery (back to 28 °C and held for 24 h) by digital gene expression profiling. Selected DEGs were also validated via real-time PCR. We found the fewest DEGs in the brain, only one-tenth of the number seen in liver, indicating a tissue-specific gene expression pattern. The DEGs indicated the potential activation of several important functions in response to cold stress and recovery in P. Sinensis. This included response to oxidative stress or regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolism in the brain and liver, cerebral inositol metabolism, hepatic monosaccharide metabolism, hepatic complement system, renal DNA repair mechanisms, and TNF and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways in the kidney. These functions likely responded to cold stress in different tissues of P. Sinensis to help minimize or repair cell damage as well as enhance innate immunity. The outcomes of this study provide some fundamental insight into the tissue specific complex mechanisms underlining cold stress responses in the soft-shelled turtle P. Sinensis.
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glutathione redox balance in hibernating chinese soft shelled turtle Pelodiscus Sinensis hatchlings
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B, 2017Co-Authors: Wenyi Zhang, Cuijuan Niu, Yukun Liu, Bojian ChenAbstract:Glutathione (GSH) system is a critical component of antioxidant defense, which is important for hibernating survive of turtle hatchlings. The present work measured changes at the mRNA level of genes involved in GSH synthesis, GSH reduction and GSH utilization, as well as enzyme activity, in Pelodiscus Sinensis hatchlings during hibernation. Samples were taken in the field at pre-hibernation (17°C, Mud temperature (MT)), hibernation (5.8°C, MT) and arousal (20.1°C, MT). Cerebral total GSH content decreased during hibernation, recovered after arousal along with a stable ratio of GSH/GSSG. Hepatic total GSH increased after arousal and pushed the ratio of GSH/GSSG to a more reduced status. Cerebral glutathione reductase (GR) mRNA and activity were depressed during hibernation then recovered after arousal. However, hepatic GR mRNA elevated during hibernation but its activity did not change. Tissue-specific changes of GR activity and mRNA may promote these tissue-specific changes of GSH redox. Hibernation caused little effect on mRNA level of glutathione synthetase (GS) while arousal induced them in the brain and liver. Most Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) isoform mRNAs did not change in both brain and liver during hibernation, then induced after arousal. Cerebral and hepatic GST activities kept stable throughout the entire experiment. Our results showed that GSH system may play a more important role in antioxidant defense in the liver while mainly maintaining stable redox balance in the brain of hibernating P. Sinensis hatchings.
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antioxidant responses in hibernating chinese soft shelled turtle Pelodiscus Sinensis hatchlings
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2017Co-Authors: Wenyi Zhang, Bojian Chen, Cuijuan Niu, Lin YuanAbstract:The antioxidant defense system protects turtles from oxidative stress during hibernation. The present study examined changes of the antioxidant enzymes both on mRNA level and enzyme activity level during hibernation of Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus Sinensis hatchlings. The upstream regulator NF-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA was also measured. Samples were taken at pre-hibernation (17.0°C, Mud temperature (MT)), hibernation (5.8°C, MT) and arousal (20.1°C, MT). Nrf2 exhibited a tissue-specific pattern of expression with a decrease in the brain, slight increase in the liver and heart during hibernation, and significant increase during arousal in all the three tissues. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) mRNA, catalase (CAT) mRNA, and glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) mRNA exhibited a similar pattern as Nrf2 in the brain and liver during the entire hibernation period. Hepatic GPx4 mRNA level increased during hibernation and decreased during arousal, whereas it did not change in the heart. Cerebral SOD and CAT activities kept stable during the experimental period, but GPx activity decreased significantly during hibernation and arousal. Hepatic GPx enzyme activity did not change, whereas those of SOD and CAT exhibited a notable decrease during arousal. Malondialdehyde concentration did not increase during the hibernation process, indicating an effective protection of the antioxidant defense system.
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Ascorbic acid regulation in stress responses during acute cold exposure and following recovery in juvenile Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus Sinensis)
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2015Co-Authors: Bojian Chen, Lin YuanAbstract:Abstract Intense temperature change often leads to increased oxidative stress in many animals with a few exceptions, including the turtle. To date, little is known about the mechanism of protective antioxidative defenses in turtles during acute temperature change, specifically the role that the antioxidant ascorbic acid (AA) plays. In this study, Chinese soft-shelled turtles ( Pelodiscus Sinensis ) were initially acclimated at 28 °C (3 wks), exposed to acute cold condition (8 °C, 8 h) and finally placed in recovery (28 °C, 24 h). L-Gulonolactone oxidase (GLO) mRNA exhibited a stable transcription pattern during the intense thermal fluctuation. GLO activity also remained stable, which validated the mRNA expression pattern. The similar Q 10 values for GLO activity in the different treatment groups at incubation temperatures of 28 °C and 8 °C indicated that the GLO activity response to thermal change exhibited a temperature-dependent enzymatic kinetic characteristic. The AA storage was tissue-specific as well as the AA re-supply in the recovery period, with brain as the priority. Despite the insufficient transport during cold exposure, the plasma AA reservoir greatly contributed to the redistribution of AA during recovery. Depending on the prominent GLO activity, the high level of tissue-specific AA storage and the extraordinary plasma AA transport potential, the Chinese soft-shelled turtle endured severe thermal fluctuations with no apparent oxidative stress. However, the significant decrease in AA concentration in the brain tissue during acute cold exposure suggested that such a strategy may not be sufficient for prolonged cold exposure.
Chenhuei Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of dietary magnesium on the growth carapace strength and tissue magnesium concentrations of soft shelled turtle Pelodiscus Sinensis wiegmann
Aquaculture Research, 2015Co-Authors: Chengyou Chen, Chenhuei HuangAbstract:A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary magnesium on the growth, carapace strength, tissue and serum Mg concentration of soft-shelled turtles, Pelodiscus Sinensis (Wiegmann). Juvenile soft-shelled turtles of approximate 5.4 g body weight were fed diets with seven levels of Mg (48, 206, 369, 670, 955, 1195 and 1500 mg Mg kg−1) for eight weeks. No significant difference (P ≥ 0.05) was found in weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio or protein efficiency ratio among treatments. However, the WG of turtles continued to increase with increasing dietary Mg levels up to 670 mg kg−1, beyond which the WG levelled off. The plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and the muscle, bone Mg concentrations of the turtles increased with the increasing dietary Mg levels between 48 and 955 mg kg−1, beyond which the tissue Mg concentrations remained relatively constant. Furthermore, the carapace strengths of turtles fed with the control diet of 48 mg Mg kg−1 were significantly weaker (P < 0.05) than that of turtles fed with diets containing higher Mg levels. Based on a broken-line modelling analysis, the required dietary Mg level for the optimal WG of juvenile soft-shelled turtles was estimated to be approximately 650 mg kg−1. By contrast, the required dietary Mg levels for turtles to reach the optimal muscle and bone Mg concentrations were 1050 and 1000 mg kg−1 respectively. The required dietary Mg level for maximal alkaline phosphatase activity was approximately 980 mg kg−1.
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effects of dietary vitamin c on growth lipid oxidation and carapace strength of soft shelled turtle Pelodiscus Sinensis
Aquaculture, 2015Co-Authors: Chengchin Wang, Chenhuei HuangAbstract:Abstract A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin C level on the growth, liver lipid oxidation, and carapace strength of juvenile soft-shelled turtles, Pelodiscus Sinensis . Seven experimental diets containing 0–619 mg vitamin C/kg were fed to 140 individually reared soft-shelled turtles with an average weight of 4.3 ± 0.07 g for 8 weeks. There was no significant difference ( p > 0.05) in weight gain, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and muscle composition among turtles fed different test diets. Muscle composition was as follows: moisture, 73.5%; crude protein, 18.3%; lipid, 2.82%; and ash, 0.73%. Hepatic vitamin C concentration, liver tissue lipid oxidation, carapace strength, and carapace collagen content in turtles fed the vitamin C-free diet were the lowest among the dietary groups. The highest carapace strength was observed in turtles fed a diet containing approximately 350 mg of vitamin C/kg. Although the absence of dietary vitamin C did not impact the growth of the turtles, the supplementation of vitamin C could enhance the carapace strength and collagen content of the soft-shelled turtles. Analyzed by a polynomial regression, the estimated dietary vitamin C level for optimal carapace collagen and strength of the soft-shelled turtles was approximately 370–380 mg/kg.
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dietary magnesium requirement of soft shelled turtles Pelodiscus Sinensis fed diets containing exogenous phytate
Aquaculture, 2014Co-Authors: Chengyou Chen, Shumei Chen, Chenhuei HuangAbstract:Abstract A feeding study was conducted to evaluate the effects of an exogenous phytic acid diet on the dietary magnesium (Mg) requirement for soft-shelled turtles. Juvenile soft-shelled turtles, Pelodiscus Sinensis , were fed diets that contained 36, 160, 357, 630, 947, 1249, or 1560 mg/kg Mg and 11 g/kg of phytic acid for 8 weeks. Weight gain of turtles generally increased as dietary Mg increased up to approximately 630 mg/kg followed by a plateau stage till 1560 mg/kg. The plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, carapace strength and concentration of Mg in the tissue generally increased as dietary Mg concentrations increased from 36 to 947 mg/kg. However, increases in Mg beyond 947 mg/kg caused the Mg concentrations in the tissue and carapace strength to remain constant. When 11 g/kg of phytic acid was added to the diet and broken-line analysis used weight gain as the indicator, the dietary Mg requirements for soft-shelled turtles was estimated at 715 mg/kg. This is a 10% increase from the requirement reported for turtles fed a phytate-free diet. A dietary intake of 970 mg Mg/kg is recommended to further enhance carapace strength and plasma ALP activity in soft-shelled turtles.
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effects of dietary β carotene levels on growth and liver vitamin a concentrations of the soft shelled turtle Pelodiscus Sinensis wiegmann
Aquaculture Research, 2011Co-Authors: Lipin Chen, Chenhuei HuangAbstract:A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary β-carotene level on the growth and liver vitamin A concentrations in soft-shelled turtles, Pelodiscus Sinensis, fed a vitamin A-free diet. Soft-shelled turtles were fed diets containing 0, 14.5, 26.5, 47.5, 87.3, 112.8 and 163.8 mg β-carotene kg−1 for 10 weeks. Although it was not statistically significant due to high deviation within each group, mean weight gain of soft-shelled turtles fed the diet without β-carotene supplementation was the lowest among all test groups. Vitamin A concentrations in liver of turtles significantly (P<0.05) increased when dietary β-carotene level reached 47.5 mg kg−1 indicating that soft-shelled turtles were capable of converting β-carotene to vitamin A. Analysed by regression modelling, dietary β-carotene levels for optimal growth and maximal liver vitamin A contents of juvenile soft-shelled turtles fed the vitamin A-free diets were 49.1 and 88.7 mg kg−1 respectively.
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effects of dietary zinc levels on growth serum zinc haematological parameters and tissue trace elements of soft shelled turtles Pelodiscus Sinensis
Aquaculture Nutrition, 2009Co-Authors: Suelan Huang, Sumei Chen, Chenhuei HuangAbstract:A 10-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary zinc (Zn) contents on the growth, tissue trace element contents and serum Zn levels in soft-shelled turtles, Pelodiscus Sinensis. Juvenile soft-shelled turtles approximately 4.8 g in body weight were fed casein-based diets containing seven levels of Zn (14, 23, 32, 43, 58, 87 and 100 mg kg−1) for 10 weeks. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) or protein efficiency ratio (PER) among the dietary treatments. However, Zn concentrations in the liver, serum and carapace of turtles fed the basal diet containing 14 mg Zn kg−1 were the lowest among all groups. Zn contents in the liver, serum and carapace increased when dietary Zn increased up to a dietary Zn level of approximately 43 mg kg−1. Beyond this dietary level, tissue Zn contents were relatively constant. Carapace iron (Fe), selenium (Se) in hard tissues and haemoglobin concentrations decreased when dietary Zn increased. Dietary Zn requirements of juvenile soft-shelled turtles derived from regression modelling using the liver, serum, carapace and bone Zn contents as indicators were 42, 39, 35 and 46 mg Zn kg−1, respectively.
Qiusheng Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lipophagy contributes to long term storage of spermatozoa in the epididymis of the chinese soft shelled turtle Pelodiscus Sinensis
Reproduction Fertility and Development, 2019Co-Authors: Hong Chen, Ping Yang, Tengfei Liu, Yufei Huang, Xuebing Bai, Abdul Haseeb, Nisar Ahmed, Lingling Wang, Taozhi Wang, Qiusheng ChenAbstract:Spermatozoa are known to be stored in the epididymis of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus Sinensis for long periods after spermiation from the testes, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this storage are largely unknown. In this study, epididymal spermatozoa were investigated to determine the potential molecular mechanism for long-term sperm storage in P. Sinensis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Oil red O staining indicated that unusually large cytoplasmic droplets containing lipid droplets (LDs) were attached to the epididymal spermatozoa. However, the content of LDs decreased gradually with the sperm storage. LDs were surrounded by autophagic vesicles and sequestered as degradative cargo within autophagosome. Immunofluorescence and western blotting demonstrated that autophagy in spermatozoa increased gradually with the storage time. Invitro studies found that spermatozoa obtained from soft-shelled turtles in January can survive more than 40 days at 4°C. Furthermore, immunofluorescence and TEM showed that autophagy was involved in the degradation of LDs with the extension of sperm incubation. Inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine significantly suppressed LD degradation. Moreover, adipose triglyceride lipase was involved in the metabolism of LDs. These findings indicate that lipophagy was activated to maximise LD breakdown, which contributes to long-term sperm storage in the epididymis of P. Sinensis.
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hepatic lipid droplet breakdown through lipolysis during hibernation in chinese soft shelled turtle Pelodiscus Sinensis
Aging (Albany NY), 2019Co-Authors: Yufei Huang, Ping Yang, Hong Chen, Xuebing Bai, Yonghong Shi, Waseem Ali Vistro, Imran Tarique, Abdul Haseeb, Qiusheng ChenAbstract:Hibernation is an adaptive survival strategy in response to cold and foodless winter. To determine the underlying mechanisms of seasonal adaptions, transcriptome sequencing studies have been conducted in bears, ground squirrels and bats. Despite advances in identifying differentially expressed genes involved in metabolism, the precise mechanisms of these physiological adaptions remain unclear. In the present study, we examined liver of Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle (Pelodiscus Sinensis) and found that the contents of lipid droplet (LD) and triglyceride (TG) were significantly decreased during hibernation. Increases in mRNA expression levels of lipolysis-related genes and decreased levels of lipogenesis-related genes during hibernation indicated that LD hydrolysis was stimulated during hibernation. To continuously release fatty acids (FAs) from LD, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) was recruited and accumulated on the surface of LDs via activation of Cyclic Adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling. Meanwhile, increased phosphorylation of the LD-associated protein, perilipin-5, activated the enzyme activity of ATGL via interaction between comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) and ATGL. Taken together, our results indicated that ATGL accumulation on the LD surface and its induced enzyme activity during hibernation promoted LD breakdown in the liver of Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle (Pelodiscus Sinensis), thereby enhancing mitochondrial β-oxidation to maintain energy hemostasis.
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expression of tlr2 4 on epididymal spermatozoa of the chinese soft shelled turtle Pelodiscus Sinensis during the hibernation season
Anatomical Record-advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, 2016Co-Authors: Ping Yang, Tengfei Liu, Qian Zhang, Yi Liu, Muhammad Yasir Waqas, Jameel Ahmed Gandahi, Tamseel S Arain, Nisar Ahmad, Qiusheng ChenAbstract:Spermatozoa are known to be stored in the epididymis of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus Sinensis for long periods during hibernation, but the mechanism that underlies the sperm storage is poorly understood. This study was carried out to confirm the presence of TLR2/4 (Toll-like receptor 2/4) in epididymal spermatozoa during the hibernation season and to analyze whether TLRs play a role in sperm storage. The structure and ultrastructure of a spermatozoon during the hibernation stage were investigated using light- and transmission electron-microscopy. RT-PCR was used to analyze mRNA expression, while protein expression was determined via Western blot. TLR2/4 mRNA and proteins were detected in spermatozoa. Immunofluorescence staining was used to confirm TLR2/4 localization in the spermatozoon, and TLR2/4 were localized in the midpiece and the posterior segment of the head of the spermatozoon, which corresponded to the cytoplasmic droplets (CDs) of the turtle spermatozoon. As TLRs play critical roles in detecting and responding to invading pathogens, this study provided molecular evidence that TLR2/4 might contribute to sperm storage in the epididymides. Anat Rec, 299:1578-1584, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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global analysis of differential gene expression related to long term sperm storage in oviduct of chinese soft shelled turtle Pelodiscus Sinensis
Scientific Reports, 2016Co-Authors: Tengfei Liu, Ping Yang, Yufei Huang, Hong Chen, Yi Liu, Yasir Waqas, Nisar Ahmed, Xiaoya Chu, Qiusheng ChenAbstract:Important evolutionary and ecological consequences arise from the ability of female turtles to store viable spermatozoa for an extended period. Although previous morphological studies have observed the localization of spermatozoa in Pelodiscus Sinensis oviduct, no systematic study on the identification of genes that are involved in long-term sperm storage has been performed. In this study, the oviduct of P. Sinensis at different phases (reproductive and hibernation seasons) was prepared for RNA-Seq and gene expression profiling. In total, 2,662 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 1,224 up- and 1,438 down-regulated genes were identified from two cDNA libraries. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that many genes were predominantly involved in the immune response, apoptosis pathway and regulation of autophagy. RT-qPCR, ELISA, western blot and IHC analyses showed that the expression profiles of mRNA and protein in selected DEGs were in consistent with results from RNA-Seq analysis. Remarkably, TUNEL analysis revealed the reduced number of apoptotic cells during sperm storage. IHC and TEM analyses found that autophagy occurred in the oviduct epithelial cells, where the spermatozoa were closely attached. The outcomes of this study provide fundamental insights into the complex sperm storage regulatory process and facilitate elucidating the mechanism of sperm storage in P. Sinensis.
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b cell lymphoma 2 localization in the female reproductive tract of the chinese soft shelled turtle Pelodiscus Sinensis and its relationship with sperm storage
Anatomical Record-advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, 2015Co-Authors: Yuan Le, Ping Yang, Shakeeb Ullah, Linli Zhang, Shaofan Chen, Lisi Hu, Qiusheng ChenAbstract:: The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and localization of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in the oviduct of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus Sinensis, during the reproductive cycle to analyze the relationship between Bcl-2 and sperm storage. Bcl-2 expression was confirmed in the P. Sinensis oviduct by western blot analysis. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that female P. Sinensis stored sperm from November to April of the following year. The oviduct showed positive immunostaining for Bcl-2 of epithelial ciliated cells, gland ducts, and gland cells. Bcl-2 expression in the oviduct was associated with sperm storage occurrence. This indicates that the survival factor Bcl-2 may play a role in P. Sinensis sperm storage.
