The Experts below are selected from a list of 58188 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Scott Burris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
examining national Public Health Law to realize the global Health security agenda
Social Science Research Network, 2017Co-Authors: Benjamin Mason Meier, Kara Tureski, Emily Bockh, Derek Carr, Ana Sumei Ayala, Anna E Roberts, Lindsay Cloud, Nicolas Wilhelm, Scott BurrisAbstract:Where the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA) seeks to accelerate progress toward a world safe and secure from Public Health emergencies, the realization of GHSA ‘Action Packages’ will require national governments to establish necessary legal frameworks to prevent, detect, and respond to infectious disease. By analyzing the scope and content of existing national legislation in each of the GHSA Action Packages, this comparative cross-national research has developed a framework that disaggregates the legal domains necessary to meet each Action Package target. Based upon these legal domains, this study developed an assessment tool that can identify specific attributes of national legislation. This article applies this tool to assess the legal environment in twenty Sub-Saharan African countries, examining the content of Laws across the GHSA Action Packages, analyzing the legal domains necessary to implement each Action Package, and highlighting specific national Laws that reflect attributes of each legal domain.
-
supporting a culture of evidence based policy federal funding for Public Health Law evaluation research 1985 2014
Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 2017Co-Authors: Jennifer K. Ibrahim, Aaron A Sorensen, Heidi Grunwald, Scott BurrisAbstract:Objective: Law powerfully influences Health and can be a critical tool for promoting population well-being. Evaluation research is needed to measure the Health effects of Law and guide policy making and implementation. The purpose of this study was to assess trends in National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding for scientific Public Health Law research (PHLR). Methods: Using data from the UberResearch NIH grant repository, we collected and coded all grants with a focus on Health Law between FY'85 and FY'14 and then analyzed the grants by funding agency and topic areas. Results: Between FY'85 and FY'14, NIH funded 510 research grants on Health policy making, the Health effects of Laws or enforcement practices. On average, 4 PHLR grants were funded annually with a median total funding of $545 956 (range: $2535-$44 052 300) and a median annual funding of $205 223 (range: $2535-$7 019 517). Conclusions: National Institutes of Health has supported important PHLR but not nearly to the extent necessary to ensure that Public Health Laws affecting the population are evaluated in a rigorous and timely manner. In addition to greater funding evaluation research, NIH can increase its support for creating legal datasets, fund training in PHLR, and work with the National Library of Medicine to create Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms related to PHLR.
-
theory and methods in comparative drug and alcohol policy research response to a review of the literature
International Journal of Drug Policy, 2017Co-Authors: Scott BurrisAbstract:Comparative drug and alcohol policy analysis (CPA) is alive and well, and the emergence of robust alternatives to strict prohibition provides exciting research opportunities. As a multidisciplinary practice, however, CPA faces several methodological challenges. This commentary builds on a recent review of CPA by Ritter et al. (2016) to argue that the practice is hampered by a hazy definition of policy that leads to confusion in the specification and measurement of the phenomena being studied. This problem is aided and abetted by the all-too-common omission of theory from the conceptualization and presentation of research. Drawing on experience from the field of Public Health Law research, this commentary suggests a distinction between empirical and non-empirical CPA, a simple taxonomic model of CPA policy-making, mapping, implementation and evaluation studies, a narrower definition of and rationale for "policy" research, a clear standard for measuring policy, and an expedient approach (and renewed commitment) to using theory explicitly in a multi-disciplinary practice. Strengthening CPA is crucial for the practice to have the impact on policy that good research can.
-
better Health faster the 5 essential Public Health Law services
Public Health Reports, 2016Co-Authors: Jennifer K. Ibrahim, Scott Burris, Marice Ashe, Doug Blanke, Donna Levin, Gene Matthews, Matthew S Penn, Martha KatzAbstract:Successful Public Health campaigns like tobacco control demonstrate that effective legal interventions can be expeditiously developed, evaluated and diffused, even in the face of powerful opposition. Success for legal Health interventions depends on a well-designed and nurtured legal infrastructure that assured the timely delivery of Public Health Law services that are essential to successful policy innovation that improves Health. We describe Five Essential Public Health Law Services and suggest investment in the people, methods and tools needed to move major policy initiatives from conception to widespread implementation. The model reflects a transdisciplinary approach integrating Public Health legal practice with Law-related surveillance, evaluation and enforcement functions usually performed by Public Health practitioners. As an elaboration of Law-related activities within the Ten Essential Public Health Services, the framework can be used to define, evaluate and strengthen Public Health Law functions. The framework presented defines the components of a strategic investment that can turn evidence and expertise into better Health, faster.
-
national Public Health Law a role for who in capacity building and promoting transparency
Bulletin of The World Health Organization, 2016Co-Authors: Geraldine Markssultan, Evan D Anderson, Fengjen Tsai, Florian Kastler, Dominique Sprumont, Scott BurrisAbstract:A robust Health infrastructure in every country is the most effective long-term preparedness strategy for global Health emergencies. This includes not only Health systems and their human resources, but also countries' legal infrastructure for Health: the Laws and policies that empower, obligate and sometimes limit government and private action. The Law is also an important tool in Health promotion and protection. Public Health professionals play important roles in Health Law - from the development of policies, through their enforcement, to the scientific evaluation of the Health impact of Laws. Member States are already mandated to communicate their national Health Laws and regulations to the World Health Organization (WHO). In this paper we propose that WHO has the authority and credibility to support capacity-building in the area of Health Law within Member States, and to make national Laws easier to access, understand, monitor and evaluate. We believe a strong case can be made to donors for the funding of a Public Health Law centre or unit, that has adequate staffing, is robustly networked with its regional counterparts and is integrated into the main work of WHO. The mission of the unit or centre would be to define and integrate scientific and legal expertise in Public Health Law, both technical and programmatic, across the work of WHO, and to conduct and facilitate global Health policy surveillance.
Michelle M Mello - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
searching for Public Health Law s sweet spot the regulation of sugar sweetened beverages
PLOS Medicine, 2015Co-Authors: David M Studdert, Jordan Flanders, Michelle M MelloAbstract:David Studdert and colleagues explore how to balance Public Health, individual freedom, and good government when it comes to sugar-sweetened drinks.
-
critical opportunities for Public Health Law a call for action
American Journal of Public Health, 2013Co-Authors: Michelle M Mello, Jennifer K. Ibrahim, Scott Burris, Alexander C Wagenaar, Jennifer Wood, Jeffrey W SwansonAbstract:Although legal interventions are responsible for many sentinel Public Health achievements, Law is underutilized as a tool for advancing population Health. Our purpose was to identify critical opportunities for Public Health Lawmaking. We articulated key criteria and illustrated their use with 5 examples. These opportunities involve significant Health problems that are potentially amenable to change through Law and for which an effective legal intervention is available: optimizing graduated driver licensing Laws, increasing tax rates on alcoholic beverages, regulating sodium in foods, enacting Laws to facilitate reversal of opioid overdoses, and improving mental Health interventions in the college setting. We call for a national conversation about critical opportunities for Public Health Law to advance evidence-based policymaking.
-
making the case for Laws that improve Health a framework for Public Health Law research
2010Co-Authors: Scott Burris, Jennifer K. Ibrahim, Alexander C Wagenaar, Jeffrey W Swanson, Jennifer Wood, Michelle M MelloAbstract:Public Health Law has received considerable attention in recent years and is assuming the role of an essential field within Public Health. Public Health Law research has received less attention. This paper explores the boundaries and promise of Public Health Law research, defined as the scientific study of the relation of Law and legal practices to population Health. The paper offers a logic model of Public Health Law research and a typology of approaches for studying the effects of Law on Public Health. Research on the content and prevalence of Public Health Laws; processes of adopting and implementing Laws; and the extent to which and mechanisms through which Law affects Health outcomes can be pursued using methods drawn from epidemiology, economics, sociology, and other disciplines. The maturation of Public Health Law research as a field depends on overcoming several challenges, including the need to assure methodological rigor, adequate research funding, access to appropriate data sources, and uptake of research findings by policy makers. Public Health Law research is a young field, but holds great promise for supporting evidence-based policy making that will improve population Health.
-
making the case for Laws that improve Health a framework for Public Health Law research
Milbank Quarterly, 2010Co-Authors: Scott Burris, Jennifer K. Ibrahim, Alexander C Wagenaar, Jeffrey W Swanson, Jennifer Wood, Michelle M MelloAbstract:Context: Public Health Law has received considerable attention in recent years and has become an essential field in Public Health. Public Health Law research, however, has received less attention. Methods: Expert commentary. Findings: This article explores Public Health Law research, defined as the scientific study of the relation of Law and legal practices to population Health. The article offers a logic model of Public Health Law research and a typology of approaches to studying the effects of Law on Public Health. Research on the content and prevalence of Public Health Laws, processes of adopting and implementing Laws, and the extent to which and mechanisms through which Law affects Health outcomes can use methods drawn from epidemiology, economics, sociology, and other disciplines. The maturation of Public Health Law research as a field depends on methodological rigor, adequate research funding, access to appropriate data sources, and policymakers’ use of research findings. Conclusions: Public Health Law research is a young field but holds great promise for supporting evidence‐based policymaking that will improve population Health.
-
commentary a legal perspective on diabetes surveillance privacy and the police power
Milbank Quarterly, 2009Co-Authors: Michelle M Mello, Lawrence O GostinAbstract:The New York City A1C Registry (NYCAR) program is an unusual and groundbreaking extension of the reach of Public Health Law. It marks the first time that the government has mandated name-based reporting of a chronic, noninfectious disease not caused by an environmental toxin and where the data are given to patients and physicians. Although the program has generated deep social controversy, remarkably it has not been challenged in court. Nonetheless, the Law offers a useful lens through which to consider the program's justification and legitimacy. In this commentary to the article in this issue by Chamany and colleagues (2009), we examine the state's powers and responsibilities; patients’ rights to privacy and security of personal data; and physicians’ “privacy” rights.
Jennifer K. Ibrahim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
supporting a culture of evidence based policy federal funding for Public Health Law evaluation research 1985 2014
Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 2017Co-Authors: Jennifer K. Ibrahim, Aaron A Sorensen, Heidi Grunwald, Scott BurrisAbstract:Objective: Law powerfully influences Health and can be a critical tool for promoting population well-being. Evaluation research is needed to measure the Health effects of Law and guide policy making and implementation. The purpose of this study was to assess trends in National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding for scientific Public Health Law research (PHLR). Methods: Using data from the UberResearch NIH grant repository, we collected and coded all grants with a focus on Health Law between FY'85 and FY'14 and then analyzed the grants by funding agency and topic areas. Results: Between FY'85 and FY'14, NIH funded 510 research grants on Health policy making, the Health effects of Laws or enforcement practices. On average, 4 PHLR grants were funded annually with a median total funding of $545 956 (range: $2535-$44 052 300) and a median annual funding of $205 223 (range: $2535-$7 019 517). Conclusions: National Institutes of Health has supported important PHLR but not nearly to the extent necessary to ensure that Public Health Laws affecting the population are evaluated in a rigorous and timely manner. In addition to greater funding evaluation research, NIH can increase its support for creating legal datasets, fund training in PHLR, and work with the National Library of Medicine to create Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms related to PHLR.
-
better Health faster the 5 essential Public Health Law services
Public Health Reports, 2016Co-Authors: Jennifer K. Ibrahim, Scott Burris, Marice Ashe, Doug Blanke, Donna Levin, Gene Matthews, Matthew S Penn, Martha KatzAbstract:Successful Public Health campaigns like tobacco control demonstrate that effective legal interventions can be expeditiously developed, evaluated and diffused, even in the face of powerful opposition. Success for legal Health interventions depends on a well-designed and nurtured legal infrastructure that assured the timely delivery of Public Health Law services that are essential to successful policy innovation that improves Health. We describe Five Essential Public Health Law Services and suggest investment in the people, methods and tools needed to move major policy initiatives from conception to widespread implementation. The model reflects a transdisciplinary approach integrating Public Health legal practice with Law-related surveillance, evaluation and enforcement functions usually performed by Public Health practitioners. As an elaboration of Law-related activities within the Ten Essential Public Health Services, the framework can be used to define, evaluate and strengthen Public Health Law functions. The framework presented defines the components of a strategic investment that can turn evidence and expertise into better Health, faster.
-
critical opportunities for Public Health Law a call for action
American Journal of Public Health, 2013Co-Authors: Michelle M Mello, Jennifer K. Ibrahim, Scott Burris, Alexander C Wagenaar, Jennifer Wood, Jeffrey W SwansonAbstract:Although legal interventions are responsible for many sentinel Public Health achievements, Law is underutilized as a tool for advancing population Health. Our purpose was to identify critical opportunities for Public Health Lawmaking. We articulated key criteria and illustrated their use with 5 examples. These opportunities involve significant Health problems that are potentially amenable to change through Law and for which an effective legal intervention is available: optimizing graduated driver licensing Laws, increasing tax rates on alcoholic beverages, regulating sodium in foods, enacting Laws to facilitate reversal of opioid overdoses, and improving mental Health interventions in the college setting. We call for a national conversation about critical opportunities for Public Health Law to advance evidence-based policymaking.
-
moving from intersection to integration Public Health Law research and Public Health systems and services research
Social Science Research Network, 2013Co-Authors: Scott Burris, Glen P Mays, Douglas F Scutchfield, Jennifer K. IbrahimAbstract:Context: For three decades, experts have been stressing the importance of Law to the effective operation of Public Health systems. Most recently, the Institute of Medicine in a 2011 report recommended a review of state and local Public Health Laws to ensure appropriate authority for Public Health agencies; adequate access to legal counsel for Public Health agencies; evaluations of the Health effects and costs associated with legislation, regulations and policies; and enhancement of research methods to assess the strength of evidence regarding the Health effects of Public policies. These recommendations, and the continued interest in Law as a determinant of Health system performance, speak to the need for an integrated approach between the emerging fields of Public Health Law Research and Public Health Systems and Services Research. Methods: Expert commentary. Findings: This paper sets out a unified framework for the two fields and a shared research agenda built around three broad inquiries: 1) the structural role of Law in shaping the organization, powers, prerogatives, duties and limitations of Public Health agencies, and thereby their functioning and ultimately their impact on Public Health (“infrastructure”); 2) the mechanisms through which Public Health system characteristics influence the implementation of interventional Public Health Laws (“implementation”); and 3) the individual and system characteristics that influence the ability of Public Health systems and their community partners to develop and secure enactment of legal initiatives to advance Public Health (“innovation”). Research to date has laid a foundation of evidence, but progress requires better and more accessible data, a new generation of researchers comfortable in both Law and Health research, and more rigorous methods. Conclusions: The routine integration of Law as a salient factor in broader PHSSR studies of Public Health system functioning and Health outcomes will enhance the usefulness of research in supporting practice and the long-term improvement of system performance.
-
Using Public Health Legal Counsel Effectively: Beliefs, Barriers and Opportunities for Training
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics, 2013Co-Authors: Nancy Kaufman, Susan Allan, Jennifer K. IbrahimAbstract:Effective use of Public Health Law can be a powerful tool to advance the mission of Public Health departments to protect and promote the Health of the population. However, there is little known about the way that Public Health officials think about Law, use Law, and/or interact with their legal counsel. The purpose of this paper is to examine some of the beliefs and barriers facing Public Health officials and legal counsel in their efforts to collaborate and to describe specific opportunities to better facilitate the use of Law and collaboration, particularly in the area of training and education. Our findings are based on two studies: (1) a mixed methods study of state and local Public Health officials and their legal counsel, including surveys and qualitative interviews; and (2) a survey-based needs assessment of training for Public Health Law. While state Health officials and legal counsel view the role of Public Health Law in similar ways, variation exists in organization, interactions and perceptions of collaboration on issues of Public Health Law. Tremendous opportunity exists for improving collaboration between legal counsel and Public Health agencies through additional education and training opportunities. Improving the use of Law in Public Health is possible - if practitioners and legal educators work together to fulfill its promise.
Lawrence O Gostin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
advancing the right to Health the vital role of Law
American Journal of Public Health, 2017Co-Authors: Lawrence O Gostin, Roger S Magnusson, Rudiger Krech, David W Patterson, Steven A Solomon, Derek Walton, Gian Luca Burci, Katharina O Cathaoir, Sarah A Roache, Mariepaule KienyAbstract:This report aims to raise awareness about the role that the reform of Public Health Laws can play in advancing the right to Health and in creating the conditions for people to live Healthy lives. By encouraging a better understanding of how Public Health Law can be used to improve the Health of the population, the report aims to encourage and assist governments to reform their Public Health Laws in order to advance the right to Health. The report highlights important issues that may arise during the process of Public Health Law reform. It provides guidance about issues and requirements to be addressed during the process of developing Public Health Laws. It also includes case studies and examples of legislation from a variety of countries to illustrate effective Law reform practices and some features of effective Public Health legislation. [Chapter 13: Tobacco control, . See also, mention of 'alcohol' throughout report.]
-
commentary a legal perspective on diabetes surveillance privacy and the police power
Milbank Quarterly, 2009Co-Authors: Michelle M Mello, Lawrence O GostinAbstract:The New York City A1C Registry (NYCAR) program is an unusual and groundbreaking extension of the reach of Public Health Law. It marks the first time that the government has mandated name-based reporting of a chronic, noninfectious disease not caused by an environmental toxin and where the data are given to patients and physicians. Although the program has generated deep social controversy, remarkably it has not been challenged in court. Nonetheless, the Law offers a useful lens through which to consider the program's justification and legitimacy. In this commentary to the article in this issue by Chamany and colleagues (2009), we examine the state's powers and responsibilities; patients’ rights to privacy and security of personal data; and physicians’ “privacy” rights.
-
legal foundations of Public Health Law and its role in meeting future challenges
Public Health, 2006Co-Authors: Lawrence O GostinAbstract:With this article I hope to provide a fuller under-standing of the varied roles of Law in advancing thePublic’s Health. The core idea that I propose is thatLaw can be an essential tool for creating theconditions that enable people to lead Healthierand safer lives. These are the questions I pursue:What is Public Health Law and what are its doctrinalboundaries? Why should population Health be asalient Public value? What are the legal foundationsof governmental Public Health? How can Law beeffective in reducing illness and premature death?And what are the political conflicts faced by PublicHealth in the early 21st century?
-
transforming Public Health Law the turning point model state Public Health act
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics, 2006Co-Authors: James G Hodge, Lawrence O Gostin, Kristine M Gebbie, Deborah L EricksonAbstract:Law is an essential tool for improving Public Health infrastructure and outcomes; however, existing state statutory Public Health Laws may be insufficient. Built over decades in response to various diseases/conditions, Public Health Laws are antiquated, divergent, and confusing. The Turning Point Public Health Statute Modernization National Collaborative addressed the need for Public Health Law reform by producing a comprehensive model state act. The Act provides scientifically, ethically, and legally sound provisions on Public Health infrastructure, powers, duties, and practice. This article examines (1) how statutory Law can be a tool for improving the Public's Health, (2) existing needs for Public Health Law reform, (3) themes and provisions of the Turning Point Act, and (4) how it is being used by Public Health practitioners.
-
Public Health Law in an age of terrorism: rethinking individual rights and common goods
Health Affairs, 2002Co-Authors: Lawrence O GostinAbstract:The balance between individual interests and common goods needs to be recalibrated in an age of terrorism. Public Health agencies should have a robust infrastructure to conduct essential Public Health services at a level of performance that matches evolving threats to the Health of the Public. This includes a well-trained workforce, electronic information, surveillance, and laboratory capacity. This paper explains modern efforts at Public Health Law reform: a Model Public Health Statute and the Model State Emergency Health Powers Act (MSEHPA), which has been enacted wholly or in part by nineteen states and the District of Columbia. Next, the paper shows why existing Public Health Laws provide a weak foundation for Public Health practice. Finally, the paper offers a systematic defense of MSEHPA, which has galvanized the Public debate around the appropriate balance between Public goods and individual rights.
Kristine M Gebbie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
transitions in state Public Health Law comparative analysis of state Public Health Law reform following the turning point model state Public Health act
American Journal of Public Health, 2009Co-Authors: Benjamin Mason Meier, James G Hodge, Kristine M GebbieAbstract:Given the Public Health importance of Law modernization, we undertook a comparative analysis of policy efforts in 4 states (Alaska, South Carolina, Wisconsin, and Nebraska) that have considered Public Health Law reform based on the Turning Point Model State Public Health Act. Through national legislative tracking and state case studies, we investigated how the Turning Point Act's model legal language has been considered for incorporation into state Law and analyzed key facilitating and inhibiting factors for Public Health Law reform. Our findings provide the practice community with a research base to facilitate further Law reform and inform future scholarship on the role of Law as a determinant of the Public's Health.
-
Public Health Law for the collection and reporting of Health care associated infections
American Journal of Infection Control, 2008Co-Authors: Benjamin Mason Meier, Patricia W Stone, Kristine M GebbieAbstract:Background State-based Laws for reporting of Health care-associated infections (HAI) have developed and changed dramatically in recent years, affecting the costs of reporting and impact on infection rates. It is necessary for practitioners of infection control to understand these changing legal frameworks and their application to practice. Methods Employing systematic state-based research, the researchers have documented legislation and administrative regulations for institution-specific HAI reporting, using this information to create a comprehensive resource on state-based Laws for mandatory HAI reporting. Results As of August 27, 2007, 24 states have adopted Laws requiring reporting of HAI rates, with an additional 7 states currently considering legislation that would require HAI reporting and 19 states employing detailed regulation in the absence of any current legislative authorization specific to HAI. This study documents (1) which states require reporting of HAI and, if so, whether this is done by legislation or administrative regulation; (2) whether the specific HAIs to be reported are identified in state Law or codified generally as “diseases of Public Health importance,” with reporting specified by administrative regulation; and (3) what reporting policies and procedures are detailed in Law. Conclusion Through analysis of the collected information, the researchers have examined the degree to which states have modernized their respective Public Health Laws to approach mandatory reporting by way of general legislation regarding “matters of Public Health importance” and subsequent detailed administrative regulation to specify those matters.
-
transforming Public Health Law the turning point model state Public Health act
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics, 2006Co-Authors: James G Hodge, Lawrence O Gostin, Kristine M Gebbie, Deborah L EricksonAbstract:Law is an essential tool for improving Public Health infrastructure and outcomes; however, existing state statutory Public Health Laws may be insufficient. Built over decades in response to various diseases/conditions, Public Health Laws are antiquated, divergent, and confusing. The Turning Point Public Health Statute Modernization National Collaborative addressed the need for Public Health Law reform by producing a comprehensive model state act. The Act provides scientifically, ethically, and legally sound provisions on Public Health infrastructure, powers, duties, and practice. This article examines (1) how statutory Law can be a tool for improving the Public's Health, (2) existing needs for Public Health Law reform, (3) themes and provisions of the Turning Point Act, and (4) how it is being used by Public Health practitioners.